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| c. 1320 |
| | | Florence becomes a centre of international finance, with the Bardi and Peruzzi families acting as bankers to Europe's rulers | |
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| 1324 |
| | | Mansa Musa, sultan of the gold-rich African state of Mali, is so lavish in Cairo (on his way to Mecca) that the value of Egyptian gold slumps | |
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| c. 1330 |
| | | European prosperity falters during the fourteenth century, with a run of bad harvests, a decline in trade and - from 1347 - the Black Death | |
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| 1345 |
| | | Edward III of England, defaulting on his massive debts, drives the Florentine banking families of Bardi and Peruzzi into bankruptcy | |
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| c. 1350 |
| | | Water power is used in England for the heavy work of fulling cloth, in mills which can be seen as a first step towards the Industrial Revolution | |
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| 1446 |
| | | Portugal claims ownership of the region of Guinea, subsequently the centre of their slave trade on the west African coast | |
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| c. 1480 |
| | | An increase in trade through the central Sahara benefits the Songhay, with their capital at Gao, at the expense of Mali | |
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| 1487 |
| | | The Fuggers make their first loan to a Habsburg archduke, beginning a profitable link with the dynasty | |
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| 1492 |
| | | A French privateer off the west coast of Ghana is the first to plunder a Portuguese vessel carrying home African gold | |
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| c. 1500 |
| | | The Portuguese establish trading posts in east Africa, on the coast of Mozambique | |
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